The Role of an Umpire in the Insurance Appraisal Process
The insurance appraisal process is designed to resolve disputes over the amount of loss between an insured party and an insurer. In most cases, this process works efficiently without the need for third-party intervention. Industry experience shows that approximately 90 percent of appraisal cases are resolved through agreement between the two appointed appraisers.
When an agreement cannot be reached during the on-site meeting or review process, the appraisal proceeds to the next and final step — the involvement of an umpire. The purpose of the umpire is to provide an impartial evaluation of the disputed loss and bring resolution when the appraisers are unable to agree.
An appraisal umpire must be a neutral and competent individual with relevant experience in property damage assessment, construction, or insurance-related matters. The umpire is selected by mutual agreement between the insured and the insurer. This requirement ensures fairness and reinforces confidence in the appraisal outcome.
In rare situations where the parties cannot agree on an umpire, the matter is referred to the court system. In these cases, a judge will appoint an umpire who meets the necessary qualifications and impartiality standards. While court involvement is uncommon, it provides a structured resolution path when negotiations reach an impasse.
Once an umpire is appointed, they review all documentation and findings submitted by both appraisers. This includes inspection reports, scope assessments, photographs, measurements, and any supporting analysis related to the loss. The umpire also relies on their professional expertise and background to evaluate the information objectively.
The umpire’s role is not to re-inspect the property in every case, but to weigh the evidence and determine a fair and reasonable amount of loss. After completing this evaluation, the umpire renders a decision. For the appraisal award to become binding, two of the three parties — either both appraisers or one appraiser and the umpire — must agree on the final amount.
The involvement of an umpire represents the final stage of the appraisal process. Once an award is finalized through the required agreement, the decision is considered final and enforceable. This structure allows appraisal disputes to be resolved efficiently without prolonged litigation, saving time and reducing costs for all parties involved.
Understanding the role of an umpire helps insured parties and insurers navigate appraisal disputes with greater clarity and confidence. When used appropriately, the appraisal process — including the umpire stage — provides a fair and effective mechanism for resolving disagreements over loss valuation.